STUDY LITERATION OF CHEMICAL CONTENTS OF SOME PLANTS THAT POTENTIALLY AS THE SOLAR SOWS

Excessive sun exposure causes the epidermal tissue of the skin to be unable to fight negative effects such as skin disorders ranging from mild dermatitis to skin cancer, so skin protection is needed such as the use of sunscreen, many plants in Indonesia contain phenolic and flavonoid contents that can potentially act as sunscreens. This study aims to determine the chemical content of several plants that have potential as sunscreen. Where this research was conducted through data collection from several scientific research journals. The data collection is done online using Google, Google Scholar. Based on the data obtained from several scientific research journals, it can be stated that some plants have the potential to act as sunscreens, by looking at the content they have, namely phenolic and flavonoids. The ethanol extract of 96% of Sembung Rambat Plants (Mikania micrantha Kunth) with an SPF value of 42.8810 with a total flavanoid content of 1.175%. 
Peer Review History: 
Received: 10 September 2020; Revised: 15 October; Accepted: 23 October, Available online: 15 November 2020 
UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. 
Received file 
 
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.0/10 
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10 
Reviewer(s) detail: 
Ahmad Najib, Department of Pharmacognosy-Phytochemystry Universitas Muslim Indonesia-Indonesia, ahmad.najib@umi.ac.id 
Dr. Gehan Fawzy Abdel Raoof Kandeel, Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622,  Giza, Egypt, gehankandeel9@yahoo.com 
Dr. Mohamed Said Fathy Al-Refaey, University of Sadat City, Menofia, Egypt, mido_ph212@yahoo.com 
Prof. Dr. Ali Gamal Ahmed Al-kaf, Sana'a university, Yemen, alialkaf21@gmail.com 
Comments of reviewer(s): 
 
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INTRODUCTION
The sun is a source of life for mankind and the earth not always had an impact that profitable because it could create a loss in human skin.Ultraviolet light contained in the sun may hurt the skin.When exposure of the sun is redundant it will cause harmful effects 1 . Sunlight considered a major factor of various skin problems, ranging from sunburn, skin pigmentation, skin aging, furthermore skin cancer.Leather radiated UV ray will appear darker, wrinkled, dull, dry , arising blackish brown spots, until skin cancer 2 . The Preparation of ingredients of nature hasconsidered more safe to use and another negative effectwhich affected fewer more than the use of chemical. Supported by Indonesian natural wealth, the cosmetics industry can use fitoconstituen from diverse plants for an antidote UV light 3 . Sunscreen preparations are recommended to be used to prevent or minimize the harmful effects of UV rays on the skin. The bad effect of UV rays on the skin is usually can usuallycan be minimized by the use of materials that are UV protective. The bad effects of UV rays on the skin usually cause damage to the skin which can affect one's health and appearance 4 . Sunscreen content is a substance that contains skin protective ingredients against sunlight so that UV rays cannot enter the skin (preventing skin irritation due to radiation). Sunscreen can protect the skin by spreading sunlight or absorbing solar radiation energy that hits the skin, so that the radiation energy does not directly hit the skin 5 . Phenolic contents, especially the flavanoid group, have potential as sunscreens because of the presence of chromophore groups (conjugated single double bonds) which can absorb both UVA and UVB rays. Flavonoids show a strong absorption band in the ultraviolet light spectrum and visible light spectrum 7 . Based on this, researchers are interested in conducting literature review, which about the chemical content of several plants that have the potential as sunscreen 1 .

METHODS
Literature review is a method used to collect data or sources related to a particular topic that can be obtained from various sources such as journals, books, the internet and other literature. used in the search for information were "total phenolic and flavanoid contents and sunscreen activity" 2 .

Inclusion criteria
The inclusion criteria of this study include search results on Google Scholar and PubMed with the keywords -total content and sunscreen activity‖, the researchers found 15,900 journals that match these keywords. After being selected based on a maximum journal publication period of 10 years (2010-2020), Indonesian and English language journals, original research, national journals, up to 5 journal titles.

Exclusion criteria
Based on search results on Google Scholar and PubMed with the keywords -total phenolic contents and flavonoids, and sunscreen‖, researchers found 15,900 journals that match these keywords. 7,260 journals were selected and excluded because the time span was below 2010. Then they were screened, 578 journals were excluded because full text articles were not available. Feasibility assessment of 250 full text journals was carried out, journals that were duplicated and did not meet the inclusion criteria were excluded as many as 230 journal titles. Selection of journals based on: extraction method, 96% solvent, total phenolic and flavanoid contents, and sunscreen activity.

DISCUSSION
Sunscreen is a cosmetic preparation that is used with the intention of reflecting or absorbing UV rays so as to reduce the amount of UV radiation that is harmful to the skin 1 . Sunscreen content against sunlight so that UV rays cannot enter the skin (preventing skin irritation due to radiation). Sunscreen can protect the skin by spreading sunlight or absorbing solar radiation energy that hits the skin, so that the radiation energy does not directly hit the skin 9 . Based on its working mechanism, the active ingredients of sunscreens are acting by one of physical blocking mechanism (reflecting solar radiation) and the chemical absorbing mechanism (absorbing solar radiation) 3 . Physical sunscreens work by reflecting ultraviolet radiation, their ability to block UV rays from penetrating the deepest layers of the skin, namely the dermis tissue and even to the hypodermis by blocking or reflecting and dissipating UV light energy, and is effective in the UV-A and UV-B radiation spectrum, while chemical sunscreens, they mechanism of actionabsorbs ultraviolet radiation by absorbing solar energy radiation before it reaches the skin, can absorb nearly 95% of UV-B radiation which can cause sunburn (burns) 10 . Flavonoids have potential as sunscreens because of the presence of chromophore groups that generally give plants their color 4 . The chromophore group is a conjugated aromatic system that causes the ability to absorb light strongly in the UV light wave length range 5 , the largest group of phenolic contents are flavonoids. According to a previous research 12 using a sample of avocado seeds (Persea